Einstein International Journal Organization(EIJO)

Abstract

Common medicinal plants with antioxidant properties include Moringa oleifera, Ocimum sanctum (holy basil), and Momordica charantia (bitter melon). There is a lack of a thorough comparative analysis of their phytochemical antioxidants, assay findings, and possible therapeutic utility. To identify knowledge gaps and suggest standardized comparative methodologies, the antioxidant composition and activity of M. charantia, O. sanctum, and M. oleifera will be critically reviewed and compared across extraction techniques, in-vitro/in-vivo assays, and human studies. systematic search of the literature for studies reporting phytochemical profiles, total phenolic/flavonoid contents, and antioxidant assays using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar).Methodological heterogeneity and assay standardization were discussed, along with a qualitative and, if feasible, quantitative summary of the data.  Strong antioxidant activity is demonstrated by each species, although the dominant compounds vary: M. oleifera has high levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbate; O. sanctum has eugenol, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid; and M. charantia has momordicosides, phenolics, and carotenoids.  Assay results depend on both the assay and the extraction; protocol heterogeneity limits direct comparisons. Standardized extraction and assay procedures are necessary for accurate head-to-head comparison, even though all three plants show encouraging antioxidant potential. Standardized multi-assay panels, phytochemical fingerprinting (HPLC/LC-MS), and carefully planned in vivo/clinical studies should all be a part of future research.

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