Einstein International Journal Organization(EIJO)

Abstract

The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the recent findings on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal disease, including disease susceptibility, progression, and as potential treatment options. The findings on the influence of oral pathogens on epigenetic regulation of pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest an important role for epigenetics in the regulation of the host immune response. Recent studies also show that the epigenetic pattern in periodontitis lesions differ from that of healthy and gingivitis tissue. In addition, these patterns differ between tissues in the same individual. Research is also indicating a role for both DNA methylation and histone acetylation on cells osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Knowledge of epigenetic pattern in periodontal diseases may add not only to the knowledge of susceptibility of the disease but may also be a diagnostic tool to identify patients at risk to develop the severe form of periodontitis. In addition, recent research within gene therapy and tissue engineering indicate a role for epigenetics also to improve regeneration of periodontal tissues.

Keywords: Epigenetics, Genetics, Periodontitis.

1. Epigenetic Inheritance: Concepts, Mechanisms And Perspectives Irene Lacal1,* And Rossella Ventura.
2. Epigenetic Modifications: Basic Mechanisms And Role In Cardiovascular Diseasediane E. Handy, Phd, Rita Castro, Phd,1,2 And Joseph Loscalzo, Md, Phd..
3. Fedorova E, Zink D. Nuclear Architecture And Gene Regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1783:2174–2184.
4. Jirtle Rl, Skinner Mk (2007). Environmental Epigenomics And Disease Susceptibility. Nat Rev Genet 8: 253–262.
5. Dna Methylation And Its Basic Function Lisa D Moore,1 Thuc Le,1 And Guoping Fan1
6. Bhutani N, Burns Dm, Blau Hm. Dna Demethylation Dynamics. Cell. 2011;146:866–872.
7. Bostick M, Kim Jk, Esteve Po, Clark A, Pradhan S, Jacobsen Se. Uhrf1 Plays A Role In Maintaining Dna Methylation In Mammalian Cells. Science. 2007;317:1760–1764.
8. Histone Structure And Nucleosome Stability Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez, Maricel G Kann, Benjamin A Shoemaker, And David Landsman
9. Microrna: Biogenesis, Function And Role In Cancer Leigh-Ann Macfarlane And Paul R. Murphy
10. Berezikov E, Guryev V, Van De Belt J, Wienholds E, Plasterk Rh, Cuppen E. Phylogenetic Shadowing And Computational Identification Of Human Microrna Genes. Cell. 2005;120:21–24.