Einstein International Journal Organization(EIJO)

ABSTRACT 

Understanding the distribution of zinc (Zn) and its fractions is important for effective and efficient management of the fertilizer resources given the world-wide limitations of crop production and food quality by insufficient Zn.  This research attempted to study the zinc fractions and its available form in two soils subjected to long term dumping of industrial wastes, using a fractionation scheme. The zinc was segmented into water soluble (Ws), exchangeable, specifically adsorbed (SA), and soluble (As) manganese (Mn) oxide-occluded (Mn-Ox) organic matter occluded (Om), amorphous iron (Fe) oxider-bound (AFi-Ox), crystalline Fe oxide-bound (CFe-Ox) and Residual Zn forms.  A similar trend of distribution was observed in the two dumpsite (Dirkaniya and Nasarawa).  More than 70% of the total Zn content occurred in the relatively inactive and mineral-bound residual form (Res), whereas only a small segment occurred in Ws, Ex, Om, AFe-Ox and CFe-Ox fractions.  Among all the fractions, water soluble and exchangeable (which are vital for plant use) were higher in Dirkaniya than Nassarawa soils.

Keywords: Zinc, Fractions, Dumpsites, Water, Soil.

[1]. Adhikari T, Rattan RK (2007).  Distribution of zinc fractions at some major soils of India and the impact on nutrition of rice.  Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38, 2779-2798.

[2]. Cheng M, Ma LQ (2001).  Comparison of three aqua-regia digestion methods for twenty Florida soils.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.65, 491-499.

[3]. Dvorak P, Tlustos P, Szakova P, Cerny J, Balik J (2003).  Distribution of soil fractions of Zn and its uptake by potatoes, maize, wheat and barely after soil amendment by sludge and inorganic Zn salt.  Plant and Soil Environment 49, 203-212.

[4]. Elliot HA, Dempsey BA, Maille PJ (1990).  Content and fractionation of heavy metals in water treatment sludges.  J. Environ. Qual. 19, 330-334.

[5]. Iwasaki K, Yoshikawa G. (1993).  Fractionation of zinc in greenhouse soils.  Soil Sci. and Plant Nutr. 39(3), 507-515.

[6]. Iyengar SS, Martens DC, Miller WP (1981).  Distribution and plant availability of soil zinc.  Journal of Soil Science Society of America 45, 735-739.

[7]. Luo Y, Luo YM (2002).  Cu and Zn in an acid soil amended with alkaline biosolids.  Pedosphere 12, 165-170.

[8]. Miller WP, Martens DC, Zeolazincy LW (1986).  Effect of sequence in extraction of trace metals from soils.  Journal of Soil Science Society of America 50, 598-601.

[9]. Nielsen D, Hoyt PB, McKenzie AF (1986).  Distribution of soil zinc fractions in British Columbia orchard soils.  Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66. 445-454.

[10]. Qian P. Schoenau JJ, Wu T, Mooleki SP (2003).  Copper and Zn amounts and distribution in soil as influenced by application of animal manure in east-central Saskatchewan.  Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, 197-202.

[11]. Rico MI, Alvarez J.M., Lopez-Valdivia L.M., Novillo J, Obrador A. (2009).  Manganese and zinc in acidic agricultural soils from central Spain:  Distribution and phytoavailability prediction with chemical extraction tests.  Soil Science 174, 94-104.

[11]. Shuman L.M., (1979).  Zinc, manganese and copper in soil fractions.  Soil Science 127, 10-17.

[12]. Viets FG (1962).  Chemistry and availability of micronutrients in soils.  Journal of Agriculture and Food Commodity 10, 174-178.