Einstein International Journal Organization(EIJO)

Abstract

Ocular infections represent a significant global health burden due to their potential to cause vision impairment and blindness if inadequately treated. Conventional ocular drug delivery systems suffer from poor bioavailability, rapid precorneal elimination, and limited penetration into ocular tissues. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of stimuli-responsive nanoparticle systems that can release drugs in response to specific physiological or pathological triggers such as pH, temperature, enzymes, and light. These smart systems are particularly advantageous for combination drug delivery, allowing synergistic therapeutic effects, reduced dosing frequency, and minimized systemic side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for ocular infections, focusing on their design, mechanisms, types of stimuli, and applications in delivering antimicrobial combinations. future perspectives are discussed to highlight their translational potential.

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