Einstein International Journal Organization(EIJO)

Abstract

Pharmacological research has evolved considerably with the integration of natural products, synthetic therapeutics, and combination drug strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes. Natural products remain an essential source of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological activities, while synthetic drugs offer precise molecular targeting, improved pharmacokinetics, and scalability in production. Recently, combination drug strategies have gained significant attention due to their ability to enhance therapeutic effectiveness, reduce drug resistance, and minimize adverse effects. Advances in biotechnology, computational drug design, and systems pharmacology have facilitated the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that integrate these three domains. This review highlights current progress in pharmacological research, focusing on natural product-derived compounds, synthetic drug innovations, and rational combination therapies. The challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in integrative pharmacology are also discussed to provide insights into next-generation therapeutic development.

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